The Reflection of the Anglo-American Experience of the Balance of Power in the Georgian Political-Legal Reality

The article discusses the history of the Anglo-American principle of separation of power and its practical application in the founding documents of the United States of America. Its purpose is to demonstrate the importance of the mechanism of deterrence and balancing of forces on the example of the above-mentioned country and the need to consider it in the Georgian political-social life.

Keywords: constitutional history of Georgia, founding documents of the United States of America, mechanism of deterrence and balancing, principle of separation of powers

 
 
 
 

The Chvabiani Gospels (H-1791) and the Fragment Preserved in the Mestia Museum (SMHE N 491)

The paper identifies the manuscript of the Gospels (referred to as "The Muzhali First Gospels" in the scientific literature of the second half of the 19th  century and the beginning of the 20th century), whose traces were not seen among the handwritten Gospels preserved in Svaneti or taken from Svaneti. On the basis of the paleographic-codicological and textological analyses, it is proved that the manuscript called "The Muzhali First Gospels" is codex H-1791, which is preserved in Fund H of Korneli Kekelidze National Center of Manuscripts (NCM). It is also determined that one  part of this manuscript (153 pages) transcribed in 1213-1216 in the savannah of the Monastery of the Black Mountain remained in Chvabiani, while another was taken to Mestia and afterwards, to Tbilisi, where it is presented in the collection of the Historical-Ethnographic Society (NCM, H-1991). As a result of the research, it was determined that the four-page fragment (SMHE N 491; K-8) preserved in the Mestia Museum under the name the Chvabiani Gospels is a part of H-1791. The paper raises the question that this fragment as well as the manuscript H-1791 should be called the Chvabiani Gospels. Both the manuscript H-1791 and the Chvabiani fragment, which is preserved in Mestia, contain 157 (not 153) pages.

Keywords: fragments kept in the Mestia Museum, manuscripts of the Gospel from Svaneti, old Georgian manuscripts, the Chvabiani Gospels

 
 
 
 

The Economic Interests of the USA in Georgia (the Beginning of the 20th Century)

The purpose of the research is to study the very specific episode of the Georgian-American relations. The paper studies the American economic interests in Georgia according to the official American documentation. During  the research, we  used the official documents of the US State Department and the travelers' records. A particular part of the mentioned documentation is unstudied and unknown to the Georgian scientific society.

Keywords: USA, Baievski, standard oil, the Black Sea, the Caucasus

 
 
 
 

The Antiquities of Mtskheta and its Surroundings in the Archival Materials of Deacon Polievktos Karbelashvili

The paper presents the unknown materials about Svetitskhoveli Cathedral preserved in the personal archive of Deacon Polievktos Karbelashvili. It seems that the learned cleric was interested in the cathedral. However, the essay dedicated to Svetitskhoveli is not in the publications, which are known nowadays.

Keywords: cultural heritage, Georgia, Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli

 
 
 
 

The Medieval Georgian Literature and the Oriental Context

The article emphasizes the necessity of researching the medieval Georgian literature in the regional and global contexts and the need to understand it as a national writing as well as an important part of the literary processes of the world. The article discusses the main factors that should be considered while researching the relations of the medieval Georgian literature and oriental writing. Moreover, it analyses what "Eastern context" means for the Georgian secular literature and which facts should be paid attention for an adequate, excessive assessment of the Persian-Georgian literary relations.

The present research highlights the importance of the genre of the folk dāstān for the study of the Georgian secular writing and Western-Eastern literary connections. It is concluded that the Georgian verbal creativity of the Middle Ages was not only an object of the Eastern or Western influence, but sometimes it was a link between these two worlds.

Keywords: Amiran-Darejaniani, popular romance, medieval Georgian writing, Persian literature, Visramiani

 
 
 
 

Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani's Unstudied Manuscript A-627 of

The article is the continuation of the study of the textological problematics of Sulkhan-Saba Orbelian's dogmatic composition "The Gate of Paradise". It determines the correlation of the text presented in the manuscript A-627 with the existing editions of the composition. This text was not considered during the previous researches.

Keywords: manuscript, redaction, Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani, textology, the Gate of Paradise.

 
 
 
 

The Representation of the Abkhazian Mystery in Galaktion Tabidze’s Poem “To the First Heads”

The paper discusses the mythological archetypes of Galaktion Tabidze's poem "To the First Heads". The research shows that the poem is based on the old Abkhazian holiday of Easter and the revival of the forces of nature. The paper analyzes the specific mythological parallels drawn between Galaktion Tabidze's poem and the Abkhazian mystery by using the comparative and structural research methods.

Keywords: Abkhazian mystery, archetypes, Galaktion Tabidze

 
 
 
 

ლიდერი and კომანდა in the New Georgian Military Terminology

The article discusses the terminological problems that have arisen after the start of the military relations between Georgia and NATO. It deals with the difficulties that the language faces when a lot of new terms are simultaneously introduced and uncontrollably established. The article discusses two new terms.

Keywords: command, law on the state language, leader, military terms, normalization of the literary language

 
 
 
 

The Peculiarities of Establishing the Georgian Correspondences of the Ancient Greek Meteorological Terminology (on the Example of Claudius Ptolemy's Works)

The purpose of the article is to present the peculiarities of determining the Georgian equivalents of the ancient Greek meteorological terms on the example of Claudius Ptolemy's works, namely, "Tetrabiblos" or "Quadripartite", "Almagest" or "Mathematical Composition", "The Phases of the Fixed Stars" and "Geography".

Keywords: ancient Greek meteorology, astrometeorology, Ptolemy

 
 
 
 

Methods of Georgian Term Formation: On the Example of Botanical, Zoological and Anatomical Terms

The article „Methods of Georgian Term Formation: On the Example of Botanical, Zoological and Anatomical Terms“ aims to study the terminology and methods of term formation of traditional fields. This interest is determined by the fact that in the 21st century Georgian terminology is mostly filled with terms borrowed from the English language. The study of Georgian terminology in the classical period and its tradition is important today for working out the terminological policy in our country and correct implementation of terminological activities.

Keywords: Georgian term formation, traditional fields, methods of term formation.

 
 
 
 

Metaphorical conceptualization of hatred in the Georgian and English languages

As is known, the theory of conceptual metaphor gave impetus to understanding metaphor as one way of human cognition of the world from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics. According to Lakoff and Johnson's fundamental theory of conceptual metaphor (2003), metaphor facilitates human perception of the world.

It is one of the necessary tools in the differentiation and conceptualization of the world. This article aims to study the specifics of the metaphorical conceptualization of hatred in Georgian and English languages and identify and analyze universal and variant models in these languages and cultures.

Keywords: Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Georgian, English, emotion of hatred

 
 
 
 

The Structural and Lexical-Semantic Groups of the Terms Denoting Colours in the Georgian Symbolists’ Works

The present article discusses the words denoting colours presented in the works of "Tsisperkantselebi". We will find out the symbolic meaning of the vocabulary related to colours in the poetry of "Tsisperkantselebi" (how often the mentioned vocabulary is used and which is the dominant colour). We will analyse the importance of the theories of Frumkina, Vezhbitska, Kandinsky, Berlin and Kay in relation to this specific field of vocabulary.  The semiotic opinions of other linguists will also be discussed.

We start the study of the issue by separating the basic colours. However, the research is not limited to the main colours.

The work is created in accordance to the principles of the Kartvelian linguistics, for which the main things are interdisciplinary studies and drawing appropriate conclusions against the background of data from adjacent specialties. We distinguish two dimensions of the mentioned approach: linguistics-literature studies and culturology, because linguoculturology implies the interconnection of linguistic and cultural studies.

Keywords: Georgian symbolism, symbol, terms denoting colours

 
 
 
 

The Perception of Allen Ginsberg's Poetry in the Georgian Literature (On the Example of Shota Iatashvili’s Translation of the Poem

The article presents the analysis of the poem "Howl" by Allen Ginsberg  -  a poet of the Beat Generation. The poem consists of three parts. In the first part, the poet speaks about the best thinkers of his generation, who were destroyed by madness. In the second part, a reader learns that the destruction of people is Moloch's fault. In the third part, the poet directly addresses Carl Solomon, his friend, to whom he dedicated the poem and sympathizes with him due to his stay in psychiatric hospital and difficult days spent there. The article also discusses the main themes of the poem. "Howl" was translated into Georgian by Shota Iatashvili. The last part of the article presents the comparative analysis of the original and its Georgian translation.

Keywords: Ginsberg, howl, Iatashvili, translation

 
 
 
 

The Problem of the Authorship of De Sectis and the Old Georgian Translation of the Treatise Presented in “Dogmatikon” of Arsen Vachesdze

The article discusses the issue of authorship of the treatise "Scholia of Theodore, the most pious Abba and the wisest philosopher, which philosophizes as necessary on both holy and foreign writings” presented in "Dogmatikon" by Arsen Vachesdze. This work is known in the Western scientific literature as De Sectis.

Keywords: Abba Theodore, Leontius of Byzantium